Mexico

NOTE: The designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Economic Commission for Europe

Conference of European Statisticians Group of Experts on Measuring Poverty and Inequality Geneva, Switzerland, 8-9 December 2022 Workshop on Harmonization of Poverty Statistics to Measure SDG 1 and 10 Geneva, Switzerland, 7 December 2022

Agenda item: Impact of global shocks on poverty and inequality

National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH)

Note by National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI)

Abstract

The National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH) gives a statistical overview of the behavior of household income and expenses in terms of amount, origin, and distribution, including current monetary expenditure. The ENIGH measures consumption expenditure considering the purchase value of goods and services and whether they were paid in full in the reference period.

The survey also inquiries about mobility by cars, including spending on gasoline and main petroleum-derived inputs (oils and tires); and on the use of public transportation. It also asks about spending on electricity, gas, coal, or other fuel for heating.

Thanks to its biennial periodicity, ENIGH permits quantifying the change in spending on energy goods from 2018 to 2020. This statistical information allows decision-makers to quantify households' energy expenditure and know whether the increase in prices on these items has an impact on the consumption of other essential goods. Identifying the groups with the most significant increase in their current expenditure before and during the first COVID impact is possible, emphasizing the lowest income deciles or vulnerable groups.

Working paper 1

Distr.: General 10 November 2022

English

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I. Objective

1. The recent COVID-19 crisis showed that the lockdown, social distance measures, and the closure of the economy in Mexico brought a series of adverse effects that impacted the household economy, directly affecting income, employment, and expenses. Based on the above, the behavior of current monetary expenditure by income deciles will be analyzed, and each of the major expenditure items in its rural and urban areas.

2. Observe the change in household spending in Mexico, starting with the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying, in particular, the increase in healthcare spending in 2020 compared to 2018.

3. In times of uncertainty due to health, economic and financial crises, it is essential to have information that allows decision-makers to implement the necessary actions to reduce these adverse effects on the household economy. The National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (ENIGH, by its Spanish acronym) has cross- sectional measurements that allow identifying the impacts of the price increases of 2020, as well as the allocations that households make to their expenses.

4. The results indicate that households with lower incomes are the most affected due to the loss of purchasing power.

II. Methodological aspects

5. The data source for this paper was the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure in the 2018 and 2020 editions.

6. Both were conducted from August 21 to November 28, 2018, and 2020.

7. ENIGH aims to present an overview of the behavior of income and expenditure at the household level in terms of amount, origin, and distribution. It also includes information on dwelling characteristics and equipment. Additionally, ENIGH provides information on labor participation and the socio-demographic characteristics of household members.

8. Initially, the design of the ENIGH focused on the need to provide information to update the National Consumer Price Index weights. However, the data collected by the survey has had many other uses in the last few years, mainly to measure poverty.

9. The periodicity and geographical disaggregation of ENIGH have been improving. The survey provides decision-makers with the elements to diagnose material life conditions and design public policies to improve the population's quality of life.

10. In 2016, INEGI presented the ENIGH Nueva Serie, which showed improvement in its indicators; in 2018 and 2020, it continued with the survey of this series, observing the following characteristics:

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• The sample size is the largest in the country's history for a survey of income and expenses.

• Allows representativeness by the federative entity (state level) with estimates for urban and rural domains.

• Measures both income and expenditure. • Operationally, it continues to be the most supervised event carried out in this area

so far. • Strength in training permits interviewers to be more attached to methodological

definitions. • It has an automated tracking report system that supports supervision and control.

11. The main methodological characteristics are:

Target population

The target population consists of all national and foreign households that live within the country's boundaries.

Unit observation The units of analysis for ENIGH are the household, the dwelling, and the householders.

Geographical coverage

The survey is designed to provide results at the following levels: • National • Urban-Rural

At the state level, with estimates for urban and rural domains. Sample Design • Probabilistic: The sampling units have a known probability that is

different from zero of being selected.

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• Stratified: The sampling units with similar characteristics and that belong to localities of the same size are grouped to form strata. • Conglomerates. The sample units with distinct characteristics that belong to localities of the same size are grouped to form the primary sampling units (PSU). • Double stage. Dwellings are selected in two steps: primary sampling units (groups of blocks) and housings.

Sample size 105,483 households represent 126,760,856 population. Date of uprising From August 21 to November 28, 2020.

12. Users are informed that as of 2020, the survey data conform to a population estimate prepared by INEGI based on the update in the population estimates generated by the Housing Sampling Framework.

13. The results presented are constructed from the new population estimate for 2018 and 2020.1

14. The results of the survey of the 2020 edition allow us to measure the changes in household income and expenses as a result of the health contingency period caused by COVID-19, where the confinement measures of the population and the closure of economic activity motivated changes in income and expenses in households in Mexico.

15. ENIGH collects various information, including current monetary expenditure. It measures consumption expenditure considering the purchase value of goods and services and whether they were paid in full in the reference period. The expenditure items captured by the survey are food, drinks, and tobacco; clothes and footwear; housing and conservation services; electricity and fuel; dwelling maintenance care; health, transportation, education; and personal care.

16. Regarding mobility by household cars, the survey inquiries about spending on gasoline and the main petroleum-derived inputs (oils and tires); for public transportation users, it collects the amounts spent on this service. Regarding direct household inputs, it asks about spending on electricity, gas, coal, or other fuel for heating.

17. Thanks to its biennial periodicity, ENIGH permits quantifying the change in spending on energy goods from 2018 to 2020. This statistical information allows decision-makers to quantify households' energy expenditure, in addition to knowing whether the increase in prices implied that the proportion of expenditure on these items is higher, which would impact the consumption of other essential goods. Identifying the groups with the most significant increase in their current expenditure before and during the first COVID impact is possible, emphasizing the lowest income deciles or vulnerable groups.

18. The ENIGH uses six information collection instruments. Five questionnaires and a booklet, with which, in addition to collecting basic information about the selected

1 For users to replicate the results of 2016 and 2018, INEGI incorporates the expansion factor adjusted by the new population estimate into the database for those periods. For more details, the user may review the document "File Descriptor (FD)" for those periods.

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dwelling and the people who are part of the household, information is collected on household income, the occupation status of household members, and household expenditure, to mention the topics main of the survey. The questionnaires and booklet used in the ENIGH 2020 were: • Questionnaire of households and housing. • Questionnaire for people aged 12 and over. • Questionnaire for home businesses. • Questionnaire for people under 12 years old. • Household expenses questionnaire. • Booklet of daily expenses.

19. In 2020, it was considered to carry out a survey of a statistical exercise that complemented the ENIGH, called Seasonal ENIGH (ENIGH E, by its acronym in Spanish). In this way, it would capture the seasonal and temporary events that affect the income and expenditure results of households in Mexico.

20. Initially, the ENIGH E was planned to rise throughout 2020, starting on January 4 and concluding on December 28, with a sample size of 54,710 dwellings. However, as a result of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, the collection of information was suspended as of April, achieving until then the lifting of 9 periods of ten days (from January 4 to April 2, 2020), that is, the first quarter of the year (1-2020), which is why the information published so far corresponds to that period and a total sample of 13,822 dwellings.

21. The ENIGH E 1-2020 and the ENIGH Nueva Serie maintain the same conceptual and methodological elements, preserving consistency between them; the critical difference between both programs is the period of information collection and its reference period. Although the two surveys inquire into the population's income and expenses in monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual periods, the data presented correspond to different months, as shown in diagrams 1 and 2.

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Diagram 1. Reference period of the income and expenditure of ENIGH 2020, according to concept or item.

ENIGH Reference period

Sources of income and Large items of expenditure

February March April May June July August September October November

Income from work Property Rent Transfers Estimation of the rent of the house Other current income Spending on food, beverages, and tobacco Spending on clothing and footwear Spending on housing and conservation services; Electric power, and fuels Spending on items and services for cleaning and care of the house; glassware, whites, and household utensils; household goods and furniture Healthcare Spending Transportation expenditure; acquisition, maintenance, accessories, and services for vehicles; and communications Expenditure on education and leisure items and services; Tour and Party Packages, Lodging and Accommodation Spending on personal care; accessories and personal effects; and other miscellaneous expenditure Expenditure transfers

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Diagram 2. According to concept or item, the reference period of income and expenditure of ENIGH E 1-2020.

Seasonal ENIGH Reference period

Sources of income and Large items of expenditure

2019 2020

July August September October November December January February March

Income from work Property Rent Transfers Estimation of the rent of the house Other current income Spending on food, beverages, and tobacco Spending on clothing and footwear Spending on housing and conservation services; Electric power, and fuels Spending on items and services for cleaning and care of the house; glassware, whites, and household utensils; household goods and furniture Healthcare Spending Transportation expenditure; acquisition, maintenance, accessories, and services for vehicles; and communications Expenditure on education and leisure items and services; Tour and Party Packages, Lodging and Accommodation Spending on personal care; accessories and personal effects; and other miscellaneous expenditure Expenditure transfers

22. In diagrams 1 and 2, it can be seen that the ENIGH E 1-2020 manages to determine the flow of household income and expenditure during December and January, while the ENIGH Nueva Serie, by its design, fails to capture them.

23. In this way, ENIGH E 1-2020 presents the phenomenon's evolution concerning its predecessor year, ENIGH 2018, and provides an economic overview of Mexico before the health contingency caused by COVID-19. On the other hand, it also allows to measure the change with the results of the ENIGH 2020, motivated by the measures of confinement of the population and the closure of economic activity that led to changes in income and expenditure in Mexican households.

24. An additional difference is that each program contains sample sizes of different magnitudes; in the case of ENIGH E 1-2020, its size only allows for generating results at the national level.

25. In December 2021, the survey of the Seasonal ENIGH was resumed, with a national sample size of 51,000 homes. The information collection takes place from December 25, 2021, ending on January 8, 2023. This project is expected to have a periodicity of execution every four years.

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III. Conceptual design

26. The total current income of a household consists of monetary and non-monetary sources that satisfy these three criteria:

INCLUSION CRITERIA EXCLUSION CRITERIA

REGULARITY AVAILABILITY WEALTH

Income sources must be regular and subject to an uninterrupted flow in a given period.

Income sources must contribute to economic well- being; that is, they must be available to purchase goods and services that the household can use.

These income sources should not include the flows that modify the net wealth or the net value of the assets and debts of the household.

27. Given the transactional role of money, the total current income splits into current monetary and non-monetary income.

28. Current expenditures:

A household's expenditures are the expenses it must make to satisfy its needs and commitments.

The total current expenditures include all the expenses a household regularly incurs to purchase its basic consumption basket, plus non-regular consumption expenses. This concept does not consider the costs that modify the wealth of the householders.

29. Methods to measure consumption expenditure:

ENIGH measures consumption expenditure considering the purchase value of goods and services and whether they were paid in full in the reference period.

ENIGH reports consumption expenditure when purchases are made in cash or with credit cards, when goods are purchased using credit schemes provided by the seller, whether formal or informal, the consumption expenditure reported by ENIGH corresponds to paid consumption.

30. By composition, the current monetary expenditure of households is grouped into nine categories: 1. Food, beverages, and tobacco; 2. Clothing and footwear; 3. Housing and conservation services; Electric power and fuels; 4. Items and services for cleaning and care of the house; glassware, whites, and household utensils; household goods and furniture; 5. Healthcare Spending; 6. Transportation expenditure; acquisition, maintenance, accessories, vehicle services, and communications; 7. Expenditure on education, leisure items, and services; Tour and Party Packages, Lodging, and Accommodation; 8. Personal care; accessories, personal effects, and other miscellaneous expenditures; 9. Expenditure transfers.

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IV. Results

31. Based on the ENIGH 2018 and 2020, we can conduct a series of analyses regarding average current monetary expenditure, both in national terms and concerning various population groups.

Average quarterly current monetary expenditure by income deciles, by survey year Dollars, at constant 2020 prices

Decile ENIGH 2018 ENIGH 2020 Percentage Change I 503 553 9.81% II 715 690 -3.54% III 867 826 -4.70% IV 1,021 954 -6.50% V 1,206 1,086 -9.98% VI 1,370 1,234 -9.91% VII 1,601 1,424 -11.06% VIII 1,902 1,650 -13.24% IX 2,411 2,072 -14.07% X 4,372 3,424 -21.68%

Total 1,597 1,391 -12.87 %

32. The average quarterly monthly expenditure per household of ENIGH 2020 was 1,391 dollars, in contrast to 1,597 dollars in the 2018 edition, representing a decrease of about 13%.

33. Analyzing this information by deciles2, it is observed that, in 2020, the first decile presented an average quarterly current monetary expenditure of 553 dollars, while the ENIGH 2018 reported 503 dollars, an increase of about 10 percent.

34. On the other hand, for households in the tenth decile, this average quarterly expenditure was 3,424 dollars, while for 2018, the expenditure was 4,372 dollars, a decrease of almost 22 percent.

35. In 2020, the quarterly average of current monetary expenditure per household in urban areas was 1,509 dollars, 1.6 times that of rural areas with 963 dollars, while for the ENIGH 2018 in urban areas, the expenditure was 1,776 dollars, and in rural areas, 996 dollars.

36. In urban areas, for 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure in the first decile was 640 dollars, while for 2018, that decile reported an expenditure of 620 dollars, an increase of just over three percent. While the tenth decile of urban areas in 2020 reported an expenditure of 3,672 dollars, and in 2018 same, a decile of 4,791 dollars, a decrease of just over 23 percent.

37. In rural areas, households in the first decile of the ENIGH 2020 reported an expenditure of 421 dollars, while for the ENIGH 2018, the first decile reported 377 dollars, an increase of the order of 12%. In 2020, the expenditure of the tenth decile

2 Households can be grouped according to the income they receive. When ten sets of the same size are formed, they are known as "deciles", so the first decile is made up of the tenth part of the households that have the lowest incomes, and so on, until reaching the last decile, which is composed of the tenth part of the households with the highest incomes.

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in rural areas was 2,150 dollars. In 2018 was 2,355 dollars, a decrease of about 9 percent.

Spending on food, beverages, and tobacco

38. Food, beverages, and tobacco accounted for the largest category, reaching 529 dollars in 2020 and 562 dollars in 2018, a decrease of about 6%. In contrast, the item of clothing and footwear reached 42 dollars in 2020 and 72 dollars in 2018, which represents a decrease of 42 percent.

39. Food, beverages, and tobacco represented the largest category, 38% of current monetary expenditure, while the proportion of these items in 2018 was just over 35%. In contrast, clothing and footwear accounted for only 3% of current monetary spending, compared to just over 4% in the 2018 edition.

40. For food, beverages, and tobacco, considering the first decile of the ENIGH 2020, an expense of 277 dollars was reported, while for the ENIGH 2018, this decile presented an expense of 251 dollars, an increase of just over 10 percent.

41. In the case of households of the tenth decile, for the ENIGH 2020, the expenditure in the category of food, beverages, and tobacco was 975 dollars, while for the 2018 edition presented an expense of 1,111 dollars, that is, a decrease of just over 12 percent.

42. In 2020, the current monetary expenditure in the category of food, beverages, and tobacco in urban areas was 561 dollars (quarterly average), 1.4 times that of rural areas with 414 dollars, while for the ENIGH 2018 in urban areas, the expenditure was 609 dollars, and in rural areas 405 dollars.

43. In urban areas, for 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure for food, beverages, and tobacco for the first decile was 308 dollars, while for 2018, this decile reported an expense of 293 dollars, an increase of just over 5%. While the tenth decile of urban areas reported an expenditure of 1,024 dollars in 2020, in 2018 was 1,172 dollars, a decrease of about 13 percent.

44. For rural areas, households in the first decile of the ENIGH 2020 reported spending on the food, beverage, and tobacco category of 232 dollars, while for the ENIGH 2018, the first decile reported 211 dollars, an increase of almost 10%. For the tenth decile in 2020 in rural areas, the expenditure was 709 dollars, and in 2018 of 732 dollars, a decrease of just over 3 percent.

45. In the case of food and beverages, with the highest average expenditure consumed within the household in the quarter, meat stands out with 104 dollars in the case of ENIGH 2020 and 99 dollars for ENIGH 2018, which represents an increase of 5.2%; cereals in the ENIGH 2020 with 77 dollars and 76 dollars in the ENIGH 2018, that is, an increase of 0.1%; other miscellaneous foods3 with 63 dollars for the ENIGH 2020 and 52 dollars in the ENIGH 2018, that is, an increase of 21.1%, and vegetables presented an increase of 7.6%, being the expenditure of 54 dollars in the ENIGH 2020 and 50 dollars in the ENIGH 2018.

3 Rice cereal, oatmeal, mixed for baby; baby porridge; fresh mushrooms; custards, jellies, powdered puddings, etc.

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Expenditure on electric power

46. Regarding the expenditure on electric power, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure per household of ENIGH 2020 was 32 dollars, in contrast to 30 dollars in the 2018 edition, which represents an increase of just over 9 percent.

47. Analyzing this information by deciles, it is observed that, in 2020, the first decile presented an expense in this area of 13 dollars, while the ENIGH 2018 reported 11 dollars, an increase of about 21 percent.

48. On the other hand, for households in the tenth decile, this expenditure was 73 dollars, while for 2018, the expenditure was 66 dollars, which is an increase of almost 12 percent.

49. In 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure per household of urban areas in this item was 36 dollars, 1.8 times that of rural areas with 20 dollars. While for ENIGH 2018, the expenditure was 33 dollars in urban areas and rural areas 18 dollars.

50. In urban areas, for 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure for the electric power item in the first decile was 16 dollars, while for 2018, this decile reported an expense of 15 dollars, an increase of just over 11 percent. While the tenth decile of urban areas in 2020 reported an expenditure of 79 dollars and 71 dollars in 2018, an increase of just over 11 percent.

51. In rural areas, households in the first decile of ENIGH 2020 reported an expenditure of 10 dollars, while for ENIGH 2018, the first decile reported 7 dollars, an increase of more than 31%. For the tenth decile in 2020 in rural areas, the expenditure was 42 dollars, and in 2018 of 36 dollars, an increase of more than 17 percent.

Expenditure on fuels for vehicles

52. The average quarterly current monetary expenditure in the category of fuels for vehicles per household of the ENIGH 2020 was 83 dollars, in contrast to 100 dollars in the 2018 edition, which represents a decrease of just over 17 percent.

53. Analyzing this information by deciles, it is observed that, in 2020, the first decile presented an expense in this item of 12 dollars, while the ENIGH 2018 reported 10 dollars, an increase of 25 percent.

54. On the other hand, for households in the tenth decile, this expenditure was 263 dollars, while for 2018, the expenditure was 356 dollars, a decrease of just over 26 percent.

55. In 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure in the fuels for vehicles per household in urban areas was 90 dollars, 1.6 times that of rural areas with 55 dollars. Meanwhile, for ENIGH 2018, in urban areas, the expenditure was 113 dollars, and in rural areas, 57 dollars.

56. In urban areas, for 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure for the fuels for vehicles item in the first decile of urban areas was 13 dollars, while for 2018, this decile reported an expense of 12 dollars, an increase of just over 16%. While the tenth decile of urban areas in 2020 reported an expenditure of 276 dollars and 384 dollars in 2018, a decrease of just over 28 percent.

57. In rural areas, households in the first decile of ENIGH 2020 reported an expenditure of 10 dollars, while for ENIGH 2018, the first decile reported 7 dollars, an increase

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of more than 41%. For the tenth decile in 2020 in rural areas, the expenditure was 182 dollars, and in 2018 of 206 dollars, a decrease of more than 11 percent.

Healthcare Spending

58. Regarding healthcare of the ENIGH 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure was 59 dollars, in contrast to 42 dollars in the 2018 edition, representing an increase of about 41 percent.

59. Analyzing this information by deciles, it is observed that, in 2020, the first decile presented an expenditure in this item of 23 dollars, while the ENIGH 2018 reported 13 dollars, an increase of about 76 percent.

60. On the other hand, for households in the tenth decile, this expenditure was 174 dollars, while for 2018, the expenditure was 135 dollars, which is an increase of about 29 percent.

61. In 2020, the average quarterly monthly expenditure on healthcare in urban areas was 61 dollars or 1.2 times that of rural areas at 52 dollars; for ENIGH 2018, in urban areas, the expenditure was 43 dollars, and in rural areas, 37 dollars.

62. In urban areas, for 2020, the average quarterly current monetary expenditure on healthcare in the first decile was 25 dollars, while for 2018, that decile reported an expenditure of 12 dollars, an increase of just over 104%. Meanwhile, the tenth decile of urban areas in 2020 reported an expenditure of 183 dollars and 149 dollars in 2018, a decrease of just over 23 percent.

63. In rural areas, households in the first decile of ENIGH 2020 reported an expenditure of 19 dollars, while for ENIGH 2018, the first decile reported 11 dollars, an increase of more than 73%. For the tenth decile in 2020 in rural areas, the expenditure was 155 dollars, and 94 dollars in 2018, a more than 65 percent decrease.

Main results in the expenditure

64. The 20 main items of average expenditure based on the ENIGH 2020 represent 86% of the quarterly current monetary expenditure of households in Mexico. The first three places with the highest expenditure correspond to spending on meat at 104 dollars, personal care at 85 dollars, and education at 83 dollars, while for the ENIGH 2018, the first place corresponded to education at 137 dollars, the second to food outside the home with 128 dollars and the third to fuels for vehicles with 100 dollars.

65. The last three places on this list are the acquisition of vehicles, with 33 dollars in 2020, in contrast to 40 dollars in 2018, a decrease of 16.3%. Dressed presented an expenditure of 27 dollars in 2020 and 44 dollars in 2018, a decrease of just over 39%. Finally, from 20 dollars in 2020 to 39 dollars in 2018, recreation represents 50% less.

66. Based on ENIGH data, the proportion of expenditure on electric power went from 1.85% of current monetary expenditure in 2018 to 2.33% in 2020.

67. Finally, a table is presented with the percentage variation by item of expenditure reported between ENIGH 2018 and ENIGH 2020.

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Households and their current monetary expenditure on selected items Percentage of current monetary expenditure

Item ENIGH 2018 ENIGH 2020 Percentage Change Foods and beverages 35.22% 38.05% 2.83% Clothing and footwear 4.48% 2.99% -1.49% Housing and services 9.54% 10.98% 1.44% Cleaning and care of the house 5.87% 6.55% 0.68%

Transport and communications 19.95% 18.56% -1.39%

Education and leisure 12.11% 7.68% -4.43% Personal care 7.40% 8.01% 0.60% Healthcare 2.62% 4.23% 1.61% Expenditure transfers 2.80% 2.96% 0.16%

V. Conclusions

68. Households in Mexico during 2020 allocated almost 40% of their monetary expenditure on food, nearly a fifth of their expenditure was used for transportation, and just over 10% to cover housing needs and domestic services. Education, in 2018, was an item to which 12.1% of total household spending was allocated; however, by 2020, this percentage dropped to 7.7%. On average per household, spending on education and leisure was reduced by almost 45%, it is the item of expenditure that fell the most in households compared to 2018. Similarly, average spending on clothing and footwear and, in addition, transportation fell by 42% and almost 20%, respectively, compared to the same year.

69. On the other hand, in 2020, average health expenditures increased by more than 40% compared to 2018; it is a result that reflects how households adapted their consumption habits in the face of the global health crisis. That is, households sacrificed expenses on education, clothing, and footwear and, in addition, on transportation; to meet their healthcare needs.

70. Overall, households in Mexico reduced their average spending by 13%; it can be same that there was no considerable change compared to 2018. However, not all households reduced their spending.

71. Households with the lowest incomes increased their quarterly average monetary expenditure by less than 10%, as was the case of households in the first income decile. The ENIGH 2020 reflects that lower-income households increased their expenses while higher-income households reduced them considerably. Households in the highest income decile reduced their monetary expenditure by almost 22%.

72. Healthcare spending was a growing area across the board. On the one hand, households with lower incomes increased their average health expenditures by 76%, and, at the same time, households with higher incomes in Mexico increased their disbursement in this area by almost 30%.

73. Spending on education, on the other hand, was an item with widespread declines. It is observed how all deciles reduced their average spending in this area, between 32

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and 52%, compared to 2018. A similar case was that of spending on clothing and footwear.

74. Regarding average transport spending, households with lower incomes increased their disbursements on transport; but, on the other hand, households with higher incomes decreased their allocations in this area by almost 30%.

75. In summary, in 2020, household monetary expenditure fell significantly. However, lower-income households saw increased spending, while high-income households decreased their monetary disbursements.

76. Faced with widespread healthcare needs, households sacrificed spending on education, clothing, footwear, and transportation. On the other hand, spending on housing and domestic services was an item of expenditure that increased across the board compared to 2018.

77. Transportation spending increased in lower-income households but decreased significantly in high-income households; Reductions explain this in fuel consumption, foreign transport, and, to a lesser extent, by the fall in the acquisition of vehicles for private use.

78. Expenditure on electricity consumption had a general increase in all deciles and urban and rural areas.

79. Gini Coefficient allows appreciation of income inequality. The value of this coefficient for income with transfers by deciles of households was 0.415 in 2020. Besides, the Gini Coefficient will enable us to appreciate the positive effects of transfers on income distribution. If 2020 there were no income transfers, the concentration of these would have been higher because the Gini coefficient would have had a value of 0.468 against 0.415 with transfers.

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Bibliography

INEGI. (2020). ENIGH 2020. Conceptual framework. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), Mexico. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos /nueva_estruc/889463901204.pdf

INEGI. (2020). ENIGH 2020. Interviewer manual. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), Mexico. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/enigh/nc/2020/doc/enigh2020_ns_entrevistador .pdf

INEGI. (2020). ENIGH 2020. Results presentation. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), Mexico. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/enigh/nc/2020/doc/enigh2020_ns_presentacion _resultados.pdf

INEGI. (2020). ENIGH 2020. Sample design. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), Mexico. https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/productos/prod_serv/contenidos/espanol/bvinegi/productos /nueva_estruc/889463901228.pdf

OECD. (2017). Terms of reference, OECD Project on the distribution of household incomes. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/IDD-ToR.pdf

UNECE. (2017). Guide on poverty measurement. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/2018/ECECESSTAT20174.pdf

Can integrated statistical and geographical datasets provide insights on migrants in transit- relevant municipalities in Mexico?"

An ongoing process towards a proxy of SDG 10.7.3

UNECE. Group of Experts on Migration Statistics

Geneva, October 2022

https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/comentario-gabriela-frias-accidente-migrantes-chiapas-carretera-redaccion-mexico/

https://www.dw.com/es/m%C3%A9xico-pide-a-honduras-contener-las-caravanas-migrantes/a-56252173

Our roadmap

Objective

1

Specifying data needs on

“migrants in transit”

Defining and integrating

data

Initial results and next steps

2 3 4

• To develop a proxy of SDG 10.7.3 “Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination” by

• identifying migrant-relevant municipalities (geographic areas) of interest

• processing vital statistics -deaths recorded by nationality

3

Objective1

https://treneando.com/tag/la-bestia/

(Liliana Nieto del Río / para The Times). (Los Angeles Times)

4 Specifying data needs on “migrants in transit

• International references

2

Indicator 10.7.3. Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destination was identified.

2021.UNSD’s Updated SDG’s metadata

2019 – 2022. ECLAC WG on international migration (IM) - National Statistical System assessment – UNSD –ECLAC- IOM

2022. UNECE’s Use of new data sources for international migration Database of Innovation in Migration Statistics (DIMIS) as a hub of references.

• Develop methodologies to characterize specific populations related to international migration: social assistance shelters, border control offices, migration routes.

• Analyze the possibility of the use of new data sources for international mobility and or migration

2021. Statistical and geographical activities for SDG disaggregation Using available statistics to maximize disaggregation (geographical units, specific populations

(indigenous, people with disabilities, afromexicans, “migrants”.), sex and age group)

5

International Organization for Migration (Berlin, Costa Rica & MX): Metadata (Scope, definitions, international methodology)

Identified key concepts, data sources and literature available

2

Approved within SNIEG’s WG on International Migration and Mobility

• Understanding Indicator 10.7.3

6

Defining and integrating data3

• Identifying “High Value Datasets”

7 3

1. 2020. Population and Housing Census. Location of collective households, shelters and centers for migrant’s assistance and country of birth of “migrants” using these facilities.

2. Yearly. National Road Network. Key national transport corridors and railways (operating, out of operation and in construction).

3. Yearly. Statistics on events of “ people” with undetermined migratory status identified by migratory authorities. (by nationality and municipality (NUTS 3).

4. Yearly. Points of detection. Location where Migration authorities found people under an irregular stay.

Defining and integrating data • Making partnerships and selecting variables

5. Yearly. Administrative records on foreigners found death. Depending on the situation, records may include sex, age, country of birth, (NUTS 3), location of death recorded.

6. Yearly. Administrative records of official points of entry (operating and out of operation).

7. 2016-2017. Migratory routes . Reported in migrant survey (Guatemalan, Hondurans and Salvadorians “migrants”)

8. Yearly. Geostatistical catalogue. NUTS 1, 2 and 3

9. Airports (excluding military) and ports

10. Main rivers. Defined by Ministry of the Environment.

11. Desertic areas. Defined by Ministry of the Environment.

Who was using the migrant shelters?  Characterize the populations (Native- born – Born-in-other-

country)

 Proportion of Born-in-other-country by shelter

 22% of the shelters did not have Born-in-other- country registered

 Selection of shelters when 3 of 10 were Born-in-other-country (123 out of 181)

Where are those shelters  Deploying common “persistent unique identifiers” for shelters’

statistical data as

a means of geocoding data into an integrated repository

Defining and integrating data • Transforming variables

Geocoding statistics of persons under irregular conditions

NUTS 3 (polygons)

Ra ilw

ay tr

ac ks

De te

ct io

n po

in ts

Point-based and line based data

Geocoding admin record of detentions and railway tracks geospatial data by

administrative units (NUTS 3)

Georeferenced airports Georeferenced airports by type

National Road Network has gereferenced all airports but for its purpses they are not dissaggregated by type and we exclude the military ones.

Dissaggregating by existing categories of operating infrastructure

• Integrating a harmonized and disaggregated geocoded by NUTS 3 database

With “high” migrant-presence With “medium” migrant-presence

• Detentions • Records of dead migrants • Born-in-other-country -

shelters • Events of persons on

irregular condiitons • Border municipalities (North

and South) • Migrant routes

• Entry points • Main transport corridors • Railway network • Airports (international,

national, local) • Border municipalities (West

and East Coast) • Ports

• Without matches

• Defining variables to select migrant-relevant areas (NUTS3).

With “low” migrant-presence

With “high” migrant-presence With “medium” migrant-presence With “low” migrant-presence

367 802 1,302

Number of municipalities

• Migrant-relevant areas (NUTS3). Initial results4

2020 2021 Changes 2020-2021

- 183 Municipalities change from 2020 - 2021

- Ongoing validation

• Migrant-relevant areas (NUTS3). Initial results by year

International mobility análisis

Defined geographic areas to provide services for temporary populations (accomodation, health)

Defined criteria to use non-traditional data source (web scraping, big data).

• Other potential uses

Ministry of the Interior (SEGOB)

• Graciela Martínez Caballero

Engaged team

INEGI (NSO)

Geographic Divison

• Trinidad Carrillo

• Violeta Zamora

Ministry of the environment

• Cleotilde Arellano

INEGI (NSO) VP Socio Demographic Info • Adriana Oropeza • Naghielli Álvarez

INEGI (NSO) Research – Data Science Lab • Alejandra Figueroa • Elio Villaseñor • Olinca Páez • Víctor Cuevas • Abel Coronado

Могут ли комплексные наборы статистических и географических данных дать представление о транзитных мигрантах в муниципалитетах Мексики?

Текущий процесс перехода к косвенному показателю ЦУР 10.7.3

ЕЭК ООН. Группа экспертов по статистике миграции

Женева, октябрь 2022 г.

https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/comentario-gabriela-frias-accidente-migrantes-chiapas-carretera-redaccion-mexico/

https://www.dw.com/es/m%C3%A9xico-pide-a-honduras-contener-las-caravanas-migrantes/a-56252173

Наша дорожная карта

Задача

1

Определение потребностей

в данных о «транзитных мигрантах»

Определение и интеграция

данных

Первые результаты и следующие

шаги

2 3 4

• Разработать косвенный показатель ЦУР 10.7.3 «Количество людей, умерших или пропавших без вести в процессе миграции в направлении международного назначения» путем

• определения муниципалитетов, представляющих интерес для мигрантов (географические области)

• обработка статистики естественного движения населения - смерти зарегистрированные по гражданству

3

Задача1

https://treneando.com/tag/la-bestia/

(Liliana Nieto del Río / para The Times). (Los Angeles Times)

4Определение потребностей в данных о «транзитных мигрантах»

• Международные документы

2

Индикатор 10.7.3. Выявлено количество людей, которые погибли или пропали без вести в процессе миграции в направлении международного назначения.

2021. Обновленные метаданные ЦУР СОООН

2019 – 2022. РГ ЭКЛАК по международной миграции (ММ) - Оценка национальной статистической системы – СОООН – ЭКЛАК- МОМ

2022. Использование ЕЭК ООН новых источников данных для международной миграции

База данных инноваций в миграционной статистике (DIMIS) как центр справочной информации.

• Разработка методологии для характеристики конкретных групп населения, связанных с международной миграцией: приюты социальной помощи, пункты пограничного контроля, маршруты миграции.

• Анализ возможности использования новых источников данных о международной мобильности и/или миграции

2021. Статистические и географические мероприятия по дезагрегации ЦУР Использование имеющихся статистических данных для максимальной дезагрегации (географические единицы, конкретные группы населения (коренное население, люди с ограниченными возможностями, афро-мексиканцы , «мигранты», пол и возрастная группа)

5

Международная организация по миграции (Берлин, Коста-Рика и Мексика): метаданные (сфера охвата, определения, международная методология)

Выявлены ключевые концепции, источники данных и доступная литература

2

Одобрено рабочей группой SNIEG по международной миграции и мобильности

• Понимание Индикатора 10.7.3

6

Определение и интеграция данных3

• Определение «ценных наборов данных»

Мигранты в транзитных

муниципалитетах

C. Административные документы

А. Официальная статистика

В. Географическая информация

7 3

1. 2020. Перепись населения и жилого фонда. Расположение коллективных домохозяйств, приютов и центров помощи мигрантам и страны рождения «мигрантов», использующих эти объекты.

2. Ежегодно. Национальная дорожная сеть. Ключевые национальные транспортные коридоры и железные дороги (действующие, бездействующие, строящиеся).

3. Ежегодно. Статистика событий «людей» с неопределенным миграционным статусом, выявленных миграционными органами. (по гражданству и муниципалитету (NUTS 3).

4. Ежегодно. Точки обнаружения. Место, где миграционная служба обнаруживает лиц с незаконным пребыванием.

Определение и интеграция данных • Установление партнерских отношений и выбор переменных

5. Ежегодно. Административные данные по иностранцам, найденным мертвыми. В зависимости от ситуации, записи могут включать пол, возраст, страну рождения (NUT 3), указание места смерти.

6. Ежегодно. Административные данные официальных пунктов въезда (действующие и недействующие).

7. 2016-2017 . Миграционные маршруты.. Указываются в обследовании мигрантов (гватемальцы, гондурасцы и сальвадорцы в качестве «мигрантов»)

8. Ежегодно . Геостатистический каталог. NUTS 1, 2 и 3

9. Аэропорты (исключая военные) и морские порты

10. Основные реки. По определению министерства защиты окружающей среды.

11. Пустынные зоны. По определению министерства защиты окружающей среды.

Кто обращался в приюты для мигрантов?  охарактеризовать группы населения (коренное население –

родившиеся в другой стране)

 Доля родившихся в другой стране в разрезе по приютам

 22 % приютов не имеют зарегистрированных как родившиеся в другой стране

 Выбор приютов, когда 3 из 10 были рождены в другой стране (123 из 181)

Где находятся приюты

 Развертывание общих «постоянных уникальных идентификаторов» для статистических данных приютов в качестве средства геокодирования данных в интегрированном депозитарии.

Определение и интеграция данных • Преобразование переменных

Статистика геокодирования лиц, находящихся в нелегальных условиях

Геокодирование административных данных об задержаниях и геопространственные данные о

железнодорожных путях по административным единицам (NUTS 3)

NUTS 3 (полигоны)

Ж /д

п ут

и То

чк и

об на

ру ж

ен ия

Данные на основе точек и линий

Аэропорты с географической привязкой

Аэропорты с географической привязкой по типу

Национальная дорожная сеть имеет географическую привязку всех аэропортов, но для ее целей они не разбиты по типам, и исключены военные аэропорты.

Дезагрегация по существующим категориям операционной инфраструктуры

• Интеграция согласованной и дезагрегированной геокодированной базы данных NUTS 3

• Без совпадений

• Задержания • Записи о погибших

мигрантах • Рожденные в другой

стране - приюты • События лиц в

нелегальных условиях • Приграничные

муниципалитеты (север и юг)

• Маршруты мигрантов

• Точки въезда • Основные транспортные

коридоры • Железнодорожная сеть • Аэропорты

(международные, национальные, местные)

• Приграничные муниципалитеты (западное и восточное побережье)

• Морские порты

С «высоким» присутствием мигрантов

Со «средним» присутствием мигрантов

• Определение переменных для выбора миграционных областей (NUTS3)

С «низким» присутствием мигрантов

С «высоким» присутствием мигрантов Со «средним» присутствием мигрантов С «низким» присутствием мигрантов

367 802 1302

Количество муниципалитетов

• Миграционные области (NUTS3). Первоначальные результаты4

2020 2021 Изменения 2020-2021 гг.

- 183 муниципалитета, изменения в 2020 -2021 гг. - Текущая валидация

• Миграционные области (NUTS3). Первоначальные результаты по годам

Анализ международной мобильности

Определение географических областей для предоставления услуг временному населению (проживание, здравоохранение)

Определение критериев для использования нетрадиционных источников данных (веб-агрегирование, большие данные).

• Другое потенциальное применение

Министерство внутренних дел (СЕГОБ ) • Грасиела Мартинес

Кабальеро

Наша команда

INEGI (NSO)

Географический отдел

• Тринидад Каррильо

• Виолета Замора

Министерство защиты окружающей среды

• Клеотильда Арельяно

INEGI (NSO) Вице-президент по социально- демографической информации • Адриана Оропеса • Нагиелли Альварес

INEGI (NSO) Лаборатория исследований и науки о данных • Алехандра Фигероа • Элио Вильясеньор • Олинка Паес • Виктор Куэвас • Абель Коронадо

LESSONS LEARNED FROM CONDUCTING A POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS IN MEXICO IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

Prepared by Carole Schmitz September 2022

Planning

*In 1920 the Census was cancelled due to the Mexican Revolution

History of Census in Mexico

20252 Population Counts

14 Censuses

1895 1900 1910 *1921 1930 1940 1950

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1995 2005

The 2020 Census was conducted from March 2 to 27,

2020 (enumeration stage), and the short-form results

were published on January 25, 2021, within the

framework of a census round marked by the COVID-19

pandemic.

The lessons learned from the 2020 Census will be

considered in the planning of the next population count,

scheduled for 2025.

2020 CENSUS PLANNING

Public consultation for the identification of the information needs.

The census preparation activities continued, and several tests were conducted,

both for the definition of the questionnaires and the operational strategy, paying

special attention to the tests that would ensure the correct functioning of the

applications for data collection and follow-up.

2017

2018-2019

2020 Census was de jure with face-to-face interviews for its collection two types

of questionnaires were used. 2020

Short-form

38 questions

Long-form

103 questions

2020 CENSUS PLANNING

The face-to-face interview using Mobile Computing

Devices, or paper questionnaires (exceptions)

Self-enumeration by Internet

Assisted telephone interview

First population census that used mobile computing devices for data collection.

Nearly 200,000 persons were hired for the 2020 census. Training for interviewers was

conducted with an application on the devices (in classroom).

2020

2020 CENSUS PLANNING

INEGI considers the detection and timely attention of risks in the

information programs, for the 2020 Census, 122 risks were identified along

with the pertinent actions to be carried out in the event of the materialization of

any of them.

Unfortunately, it did not contemplate the advent of a global pandemic such

as COVID-19.

Some of the census stages had to be rescheduled, procedures need to be

adapted to achieve the goal of providing statistical information on population

and housing.

2020

April

27 feb

11 mar

18 mar

20 mar

First COVID-19 case in Mexico- Phase 1.

WHO declares a global pandemic.

First death confirmed in Mexico.

Suspension of classes.

Enumeration

2-27 March

Verification

28 mar-10 April Post-enumeration

27 April-8 May Results

4 nov. initially

24 mar Phase 2 begins. Community contagion.

Federal Government suspends nonessential services.

30 mar

Mexico enters the sanitary emergency. Phase 3.

All nonessential activities are suspended.

Census and face to face surveys are prohibited.

16 apr Social distance measures

are extended until 31 may.

CENSUS AND THE PANDEMIC

March

The enumeration stage ended on March

27, but the non-response follow up was

suspended.

The Verification stage was postponed.

The post-enumeration survey was

cancelled.

INEGI complied with the instructions of the health authorities at all times

CENSUS AND THE PANDEMIC

Allocation of resources to field personnel to acquire alcohol-based hand gel,

and face masks.

Absenteeism and desertion, personnel belonging to risk groups sent home,

some COVID19 infections, isolation of teams as a preventive measure

Increase in non-response; assaults on interviewers. Additional fear of

informants, now

to contagion

Sanitary measures and

social distance for staff

Rethinking verification

and subsequent stages

under uncertainty.

Assignment of work at home to the operational

structure

Technological solutions for

working at home and

expansion of the Call

Center.

Measures

Staff turnover

CENSUS AND THE PANDEMIC

MAR APR MAY JULYJUNE AUG SEPT OCT NOV

Mar. 2–27, 2020 Census

DEC JAN

Nov. 17 – 27 AnalysisJune 25 – Oct. 1

July 6 – Oct. 1 Nov. 17 – Jan. 25

Dissemination products preparation

Mar. 16 – May. 8 Aug. 17 – Sept. 11 Coding

July 4 – Oct. 23 Data editing/ValidationMar. 23 – July 3

Apr. 15 – July 17 July 17 – Nov. 13 Geographic coding

Home Office

Cancelled /Suspended

Additional Period

Reprogrammed

According to schedule

June 16 –Aug. 21 Data captureMar. 30 – Apr. 30

Mar. 23 – Apr. 17 June 8 – Aug. 21 Verification

Aug. 28 – Oct. 16 Imputation

11

RESCHEDULING OF ACTIVITIES

MOBILITY RESTRICTION PERIOD

To invite the population to respond to the 2020 Census online.

ACTIVITIES

800,000 Invitations letters sent by mail.

A communication campaign in social networks.

Focus on the municipalities with the highest

rates of non-response.

The response rate was only 6%.

MOBILITY RESTRICTION PERIOD

A virtual revision of dwellings was conducted using satellite images

to verify areas.

ACTIVITIES

It was determined that the verification operation will focus its

efforts on recovering the information on the dwellings without a

response.

To maintain simultaneity, adjustments were made to the questionnaire

so that the information was referred to March 2020.

Guidelines for COVID-19 prevention were prepared with the

collaboration of the Health Ministry.

IMPUTATION

In previous censuses, for the dwellings in which it was not possible to obtain the interview, an imputation

of three persons per dwelling was made, assigning the sex alternately between men and women and codes

of "not specified" for the rest of the characteristics.

However, for the 2020 Census, the imputation process was modified and for each dwelling with no

response, the missing information was assigned based on the data of a dwelling registered in

proximity (within the same Basic Geostatistical Area (AGEB)), selected at random. In this process, the

number of residents, their characteristics, and those of the dwellings are considered.

In each of the predefined tabulations published, the number of imputed persons is indicated.

IMPUTATION

Unlike previous events, the verification period was not conducted immediately after the enumeration

due to COVID-19, so the mobility of the population, in terms of their place of residence, between the

conclusion of the enumeration and the beginning of the verification was greater than expected.

Therefore, an analysis was conducted to maintain as non-response the dwellings that during the

enumeration were identified as inhabited, but from which the information could not be obtained due to the

absence of residents or by refusals and that were subsequently classified as uninhabited.

RESULTS

For the 2020 Census, the data was collected:

ACTIVITIES

97.7% with mobile computing devices.

2.0% on paper.

0.3% by internet self-enumeration.

43,903,443 Dwellings visited

35,233,462 (80.3%)

Inhabited

8,669,981 (19.7%)

Uninhabited

The series of efforts and adaptations

made for the execution of the Population

and Housing Census 2020, in an

unprecedented context due to the COVID-

19 pandemic, allowed the results to be

published on January 25, 2022.

4.0

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.1

1.8

1.4

1.0

0.7

0.4

0.3

4.0

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.3

2.9

2.4

2.0

1.5

1.1

0.8

0.5

0.5

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85 y más

2010

2000

2020

22 años

26 años

29 años

A ge

Edad mediana

%

RESULTS

INHABITANTS126,014,024

51.2%48.8%

CONCLUSIONS

• The 2020 Census is published with disaggregation up to the level of locality or even

urban block, so that decision-makers have information, particularly in adverse

situations, like the COVID-19, this reinforces the importance of giving continuity to the

generation of official statistical information.

• The incorporation of technologies in all phases of the census, particularly for the data

collection, and the preparation of all processes, were undoubtedly a key factor in being able

to successfully conclude the 2020 Census in an adverse context.

• The experience of this census round undoubtedly leaves important lessons, such as the need

to have a risk management program, the importance of maintaining adequate

communication between the statistical office, the population, and the authorities of

the country, that generate confidence and conditions to execute statistical programs.

o Before the pandemic, challenges were already identified for Censuses:

o Reduce response burden for informants

o Reduce costs and produce results timely

o Make the most of technological advances that change quickly

o Design strategies for facing the increasing non-response rates

o Promote self-enumeration

o Improve the use of administrative records

o Explore new data sources

o The pandemic highlighted the importance of continuation in statistical production even

in adverse conditions and the need for increased resiliency in all processes.

CONCLUSIONS

THANK YOU

ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ПЕРЕПИСИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И ЖИЛОГО ФОНДА В МЕКСИКЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19.

Автор: Кэрол Шмитц Сентябрь 2022 г.

Планирование

* В 1920 году перепись была отменена из-за Мексиканской революции.

История переписи в Мексике

20252 подсчета численности

населения

14 переписей

1895 1900 1910 *1921 1930 1940 1950

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

1995 2005

Перепись 2020 года проводилась с 2 по 27 марта

2020 года (этап переписи), и ее основные

результаты были опубликованы 25 января 2021

года в рамках раунда переписей, ознаменованного

пандемией COVID-19.

Уроки, извлеченные из переписи 2020 года, будут

учтены при планировании следующего подсчета

населения, запланированного на 2025 год.

ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕПИСИ 2020 ГОДА

Консультации с общественностью для определения потребностей в

информации.

Продолжались подготовительные мероприятия, и было проведено

несколько тестов для подготовки анкеты и рабочей стратегии, причем особое

внимание уделялось тестированию корректной работы приложений для

сбора данных и последующих мероприятий.

2017

2018-2019

Перепись 2020 года представляла собой де-юре перепись с очными

интервью, для сбора данных использовались два типа анкет. 2020

Краткая форма

38 вопросов

Полная форма

103 вопроса

ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕПИСИ 2020 ГОДА

Очное интервью с использованием мобильных вычислительных

устройств или бумажные анкеты (с исключениями)

Самоперепись по Интернету

Перепись по телефону

Эта перепись населения стала первой, когда для сбора данных использовались мобильные

вычислительные устройства. Для проведения переписи 2020 года было привлечено 200 000

человек. Обучение переписчиков проводилось на базе программного приложения,

установленного на мобильные устройства (обучение проводилось в классах).

2020

ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ ПЕРЕПИСИ 2020 ГОДА

Национальный институт статистики и географии (НИСГ/INEGI)

выявляет и своевременно устраняет риски в информационных

программах: в отношении Переписи 2020 года было выявлено 122 риска,

а также были обозначены соответствующие действия, которые необходимо

предпринять в случае наступления любого из этих рисков.

К сожалению, не удалось предусмотреть риск наступления глобальной

пандемии, такой как COVID-19.

Некоторые этапы переписи пришлось перенести, а процедуры

пришлось адаптировать для достижения цели предоставления

статистической информации о населении и жилом фонде.

2020

Апрель

27 фев

11 мар

18 мар

20 мар

Первый случай COVID-19 в Мексике — Этап 1.

ВОЗ объявляет глобальную

пандемию.

Первая смерть от вируса в Мексике

подтверждена.

Приостановка учебных занятий.

Проведение переписи

2-27 марта

Верификация данных

28 марта-10 апреля Послепереписное обследование

27 апреля -- 8 мая Результаты

4 нояб.

изначально

24 мар

Начало Этапа 2. Заражение сообщества.

Федеральное правительство приостанавливает

предоставление некритических услуг.

30

марта

Мексика вводит чрезвычайное санитарное положение. Этап 3.

Все некритические мероприятия приостановлены.

Перепись и очные обследования запрещены.

16 апр

Меры социального

дистанцирования

продлены до 31 мая.

ПЕРЕПИСЬ И ПАНДЕМИЯ

Март

Этап проведения переписи завершился

27 марта, но последующие работы были

приостановлены.

Этап верификации данных был отложен.

Послепереписное обследование было

отменено.

Национальный институт статистики и географии (НИСГ/INEGI) всегда

соблюдал предписания органов здравоохранения

ПЕРЕПИСЬ И ПАНДЕМИЯ

Выделение ресурсов полевому персоналу для приобретения геля для рук

на спиртовой основе и масок для лица.

Прогулы и «дезертирство», отправка домой персонала, относящегося к

группам риска, некоторые случаи заражения COVID-19, изоляция

коллективов в качестве превентивной меры.

Увеличение числа «отказников» (респондентов, не давших ответы на

вопросы переписи); нападки на переписчиков.

Дополнительный страх у

переписчиков — теперь это

был страх заражения

Санитарно-гигиенические

меры и социальное

дистанцирование персонала

Переосмысление

подходов к верификации

данных и последующих

этапов в условиях

неопределенности.

Предписание офисным сотрудникам

работать на дому

Технологические

решения для работы на

дому и увеличение

штата колл-центра.

Меры

Текучесть кадров

ПЕРЕПИСЬ И ПАНДЕМИЯ

МАРТ АПР МАЙ ИЮЛЬИЮНЬ АВГ СЕНТ ОКТ НОЯ

2–27 марта Перепись 2020 года

ДЕК ЯНВ

17 – 27 ноября Анализ данных25 июня – 1 октября

6 июля – 1 октября

17 ноября – 25 января Подготовка информационных продуктов к публикации и распространению

16 марта – 8 мая 17 августа — 11 сентября Кодирование данных

4 июля – 23 октября Редактирование/проверка данных 23 марта — 3 июля

15 апреля — 17 июля 17 июля – 13 ноября Географическое кодирование

Управление внутренних дел

Отменено / приостановлено

Дополнительный период

Изменения в программе

Согласно расписанию

16 июня – 21 августа Сбор данных30 марта – 30 апреля

23 марта – 17 апреля 8 июня — 21 августа Верификация данных

28 августа — 16 октября Вменение данных

11

ПЕРЕНОС СРОКОВ

ПЕРИОД ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЙ

Пригласить население ответить на вопросы переписи 2020 года

через Интернет (онлайн-перепись).

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ

По почте разослано 800 000 писем с

приглашениями.

Коммуникационная (информационно-

просветительная) кампания в социальных сетях.

Сосредоточение внимания на муниципалитетах с

самым высоким уровнем отсутствия ответов.

Коэффициент достижимости респондентов (уровень ответов) составил всего 6%.

ПЕРИОД ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЙ

Для проверки территорий была проведена виртуальная ревизия

жилых объектов с использованием спутниковых снимков.

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ

Было решено, что мероприятия по верификации данных будут

сосредоточены на получении отсутствующей информации о

жилых объектах, которые не ответили на вопросы переписи.

Для обеспечения одновременности в анкету были внесены

коррективы, чтобы собранная информация относилась к марту

2020 года.

В сотрудничестве с Министерством здравоохранения была

разработана инструкция по профилактике COVID-19.

Вменение недостающих данных

В предыдущих переписях для жилищ, где невозможно было провести опрос, производилась

подстановка - три человека на одно жилище; при этом мужской или женский пол присваивался

попеременно, а для остальных признаков устанавливался код «не определено».

Однако для переписи 2020 года процесс вменения недостающих данных был изменен, и по

каждому жилому объекту, не давшему ответы, недостающая информация указывалась, исходя

из данных жилого объекта, зарегистрированного поблизости (в пределах одной и той же

базовой геостатистической зоны (AGEB)) и выбранного случайным образом. При этом

учитывается количество жителей, их характеристики и характеристики жилых помещений.

В каждой из опубликованных заданных таблиц указано количество условно исчисленных человек.

Вменение недостающих данных

В отличие от предыдущих мероприятий, период верификации данных начался не сразу после

окончания переписи в связи с COVID-19, и поэтому перемещения населения (с точки зрения их

места жительства) с момента окончания переписи и до момента начала верификации данных были

больше, чем предполагалось.

Соответственно, был проведен анализ, чтобы подтвердить статус «нет ответа» у жилых объектов,

которые во время переписи были определены как обитаемые, но от которых невозможно было

получить информацию из-за отсутствия жильцов или из-за их отказа отвечать на вопросы переписи, и

впоследствии такие жилые объекты были классифицированы как необитаемые.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

В рамках переписи 2020 года были собраны данные:

МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ

97,7% — переписано с помощью

мобильных вычислительных

устройств.

2,0% — с помощью бумажной анкеты.

0,3% — самоперепись в Интернете.

43 903 443 Посещенных жилых

объектов

35 233 462 (80,3%)

Обитаемые

8 669 981 (19,7%)

Необитаемые

Ряд усилий и изменений,

предпринятых для проведения

переписи населения и жилого фонда

2020 года в беспрецедентных условиях

пандемии COVID-19, позволили

опубликовать основные результаты

переписи 25 января 2022 года.

4.0

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.1

1.8

1.4

1.0

0.7

0.4

0.3

4.0

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.3

2.9

2.4

2.0

1.5

1.1

0.8

0.5

0.5

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85 y más

2010

2000

2020

22 años

26 años

29 años

В о

зр ас

т

Средний возраст

%

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

ЖИТЕЛЕЙ126 014 024

51,2%48,8%

ВЫВОДЫ

• Результаты переписи 2020 года публикуются с разбивкой по населенным пунктам

или даже городским кварталам, чтобы у органов/лиц, принимающих решения,

была информация, особенно в неблагоприятных ситуациях, таких как пандемия

COVID-19, что подчеркивает важность обеспечения непрерывности формирования

официальных статистических данных.

• Внедрение современных технологий на всех этапах переписи, особенно при сборе

данных и при подготовке всех процессов, несомненно, стало ключевым фактором,

позволившим успешно провести перепись 2020 года в неблагоприятных условиях.

• Опыт проведения этого раунда переписи, несомненно, позволяет извлечь важные

уроки, такие как необходимость иметь программу управления рисками, важность

поддержания надлежащей связи между статистическим управлением,

населением и властями страны, что формирует доверие и создает условия для

реализации статистических программ.

o Вызовы переписи были выявлены еще до начала пандемии:

o Уменьшать нагрузку у переписчиков

o Сокращать затраты и выдавать результаты в кратчайшие сроки

o Извлекать максимальную пользу из технологических достижений, которые

быстро меняются

o Разрабатывать стратегии борьбы с растущим уровнем неполучения ответов

o Популяризировать самоперепись

o Совершенствовать подходы к использованию административных данных

o Открывать для себя новые источники данных

o Пандемия подчеркнула важность продолжения производства статистических

данных даже в неблагоприятных условиях и необходимость повышения

устойчивости всех процессов.

ВЫВОДЫ

СПАСИБО