Kazakhstan

Environmental expenditures account and its application in the Republic of

Kazakhstan

Geneva 2024

Asset Nakipbekov Director on national accounts department of the Bureau of national statistics of the Agency for strategic planning and reforms of RK Tel. +7 7172 74 97 17 E-mail: [email protected]

Main standards

1

Central Framework of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (UN)

Environmental protection expenditures account (EUROSTAT)

2

Production and Environment Statistics Department (BNS ASPR RK)

Data sources

Report on environmental protection expenditures Report on investment activity

3

Data sources

4-OS – "Report on environmental protect ion expenditures”

Periodicity annual

Respondents Legal entities and (or) their structural and separate subdivisions, individual entrepreneurs using natural resources, having stationary sources of emissions and discharges of pollutants, production wastes submit report.

Deadline until April 15 after the reporting period

Indicators  volume of current expenditures on environmenta l protect ion;  volume of environmental payments and payments for natural resources.

4

Data sources

1-invest "Report on investment act ivity"

Periodicity annual

Respondents Legal entities and (or) their structural and separate divisions engaged in investment activities, regardless of the number of employees submit report.

Deadline until April 15 after the reporting period

Indicators  volume of investments in fixed assets;  volume of investments in fixed capital by use;  volume of investments in environmenta l protect ion.

5

• General Classification of Economic Activities (NACE)

• Classifier of administrative-territorial objects (CATO)

• Reference book on activities and environmental protection expenditures and resource management (EPERM)

Classifiers

6

Reference book on activities and environmental protection expenditures and resource management (EPERM)

Item code Item t it le

1 Protection of ambient air and climate 2 W astewater Management 3 W aste management

4 Protection and restoration of soil, groundwater and surface water sources

5 Fighting noise and vibration 6 Protection of biodiversity and landscapes 7 Radiation Protection

8 Research and development of environmental

9 Other environmental activities 10 W ater management 11 Forest management 12 Management of wild flora and fauna 13 Fossil Energy Management 14 Mineral Resource Management

15 Research and Development in Natural Resource Management

16 Other natural resource management activities

7

Publication

annually, according to the Statistical W ork Plan

8

Publication Current environmental protect ion expenditures for 2022

th. tenge

Total atmospheric air

protection and climate change problems

sewage treatment waste management

protection and rehabilitation of soil,

groundwater and surface water

reduction of noise and vibration impact

conservation of biodiversity and

landscapes

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 733 090 125 442 x 290 175 169 808 1 582 2 807

Industry 272 319 614 88 254 669 67 101 115 91 857 107 11 900 304 157 345 1 009 818

Mining and quarrying 111 608 756 25 480 099 17 936 247 53 177 446 7 898 849 101 539 x

Manufacturing industry 123 084 410 57 637 073 31 895 395 27 867 318 2 386 584 54 489 262 546 Supply of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and air conditioning 14 140 639 4 642 925 x 2 027 116 1 006 596 1 013 x

Water supply; collection, treatment and disposal of waste, activities for the elimination of pollution 23 485 809 494 572 13 444 324 8 785 227 608 275 304 9 126

Construction 3 475 223 535 665 574 074 x 41 086 2 673 650 Wholesale and retail trade; car and motorcycle repair 754 666 99 790 226 956 310 631 17 106 135 x

Transport and warehousing x 578 057 x x 212 404 1 286 92 562

Provision of accommodation and food services 287 621 6 561 97 710 182 000 - - -

Information and communication 141 017 17 757 6 048 115 008 - - -

Financial and insurance activities 37 998 4 546 9 697 23 755 - - -

Operations with real estate x 9 539 21 096 x 482 - x

Professional, scientific and technical activities 1 254 559 151 215 180 014 578 379 51 070 923 4 152

Administrative and support services activities 225 103 36 721 9 169 152 424 8 871 - x Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 290 729 22 575 128 177 110 162 - - 23 864

Education 494 107 16 253 189 775 181 419 433 - -

Healthcare and social services for the population 838 255 19 643 254 989 555 051 140 - -

Arts, entertainment and recreation 224 771 13 187 4 070 25 387 1 235 - 178 481

Provision of other types of services 13 096 5 409 303 3 692 200 - -

Total 284 853 377 89 897 029 69 640 426 98 376 788 12 403 139 163 944 1 322 879

economy activities2)

environmental protection activities1)

9

Publication Investments in environmental protect ion for 2022

th. tenge

Total atmospheric air

protection and climate change problems

sewage treatment waste management

protection and rehabilitation of soil,

groundwater and surface water

reduction of noise and vibration impact

conservation of biodiversity and

landscapes

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 9 552 653 x 3 547 - - -

Industry 140 081 084 38 096 720 40 537 883 7 897 634 7 432 412 - 75 565

Mining and quarrying 50 961 402 9 415 814 34 024 945 646 292 6 667 361 - х

Manufacturing industry 36 727 267 20 425 962 5 969 394 5 981 964 109 490 - - Supply of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and air conditioning 51 879 047 8 254 944 x 1 268 402 655 561 - x

Water supply; collection, treatment and disposal of waste, activities for the elimination of pollution 513 368 - 512 392 976 - - -

Construction 9 896 944 - - х - - - Wholesale and retail trade; car and motorcycle repair - - - - - - -

Transport and warehousing х - х х - - -

Provision of accommodation and food services - - - - - - -

Information and communication - - - - - - -

Financial and insurance activities - - - - - - -

Operations with real estate х - - х - - -

Professional, scientific and technical activities 14 574 1 424 - - - - -

Administrative and support services activities - - - - - - - Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 8 119 164 - 1 969 135 224 555 3 860 040 - 1 909 314

Education - - - - - - -

Healthcare and social services for the population - - - - - - -

Arts, entertainment and recreation - - - - - - -

Provision of other types of services - - - - - - -

Total 159 660 892 38 098 797 43 455 884 8 719 731 11 292 452 - 1 984 879

economy activities2)

environmental protection activities1)

10

Publication Environmental protect ion expenditure account (EPEA) for 2022

тыс. тенге

Total atmospheric air

protection and climate change problems

sewage treatment waste management

protection and rehabilitation of soil,

groundwater and surface water

reduction of noise and vibration impact

conservation of biodiversity and

landscapes

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 742 642 126 095 76 701 293 722 169 808 1 582 2 807

Industry 412 400 698 126 351 389 107 638 998 99 754 741 19 332 716 157 345 1 085 383

Mining and quarrying 162 570 158 34 895 913 51 961 192 53 823 738 14 566 210 101 539 654 599

Manufacturing industry 159 811 677 78 063 035 37 864 789 33 849 282 2 496 074 54 489 262 546 Supply of electricity, gas, steam, hot water and air conditioning 66 019 686 12 897 869 3 856 301 3 295 518 1 662 157 1 013 159 112

Water supply; collection, treatment and disposal of waste, activities for the elimination of pollution 23 999 177 494 572 13 956 716 8 786 203 608 275 304 9 126

Construction 13 372 167 535 665 574 074 2 172 411 41 086 2 673 650 Wholesale and retail trade; car and motorcycle repair 754 666 99 790 226 956 310 631 17 106 135 x

Transport and warehousing 4 897 381 578 057 1 709 398 2 061 834 212 404 1 286 92 562

Provision of accommodation and food services 287 621 6 561 97 710 182 000 - - -

Information and communication 141 017 17 757 6 048 115 008 - - -

Financial and insurance activities 37 998 4 546 9 697 23 755 - - -

Operations with real estate 405 721 9 539 21 096 351 348 482 - x

Professional, scientific and technical activities 1 269 133 152 639 180 014 578 379 51 070 923 4 152

Administrative and support services activities 225 103 36 721 9 169 152 424 8 871 - x Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 8 409 893 22 575 2 097 312 334 717 3 860 040 - 1 933 178

Education 494 107 16 253 189 775 181 419 433 - -

Healthcare and social services for the population 838 255 19 643 254 989 555 051 140 - -

Arts, entertainment and recreation 224 771 13 187 4 070 25 387 1 235 - 178 481

Provision of other types of services 13 096 5 409 303 3 692 200 - -

Total 444 514 269 127 995 826 113 096 310 107 096 519 23 695 591 163 944 3 307 758

economy activities2)

environmental protection activities1)

11

Time series

Environmental protect ion expenditures th. tenge

EPE as a percentage of GDP %

0,63

0,42 0,48

0,49

0,60

0,54

0,50 0,43

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

EPE share in GDP, %

40 884,1 46 971,2

54 378,9 61 819,5

69 532,6 70 649,0

83 951,6

103 765,5

0,0

20 000,0

40 000,0

60 000,0

80 000,0

100 000,0

120 000,0

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

GDP, billion. tenge

12

Time series

Current EPE for 2022 тыс. тенге

Investments in environmental protect ion for 2022 тыс. тенге

0,185

0,150 0,161

0,052

0,0 0,004

0,003 0,008

0,066

0,123

0,109 0,103

0,023

0,0 0,003 0,001 0,003

0,062

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,20

CEPA 1 CEPA 2 CEPA 3 CEPA 4 CEPA 5 CEPA 6 CEPA 7 CEPA 8 CEPA 9

Share of EPE in GDP by CEPA, %

2015 2022

13

Main stakeholders

• Bureau on national statistics of ASPR RK;

• Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan: • Committee for Environmental Regulation and Control; • Forestry and W ildlife Committee;

• Ministry of W ater Resources and Irrigation of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

• Ministry of Agriculture: • Land Management Committee;

• Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

• Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

• Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

• Green Academy;

• International Financial Center Astana;

• International Organizations, scientific community, students.

14

Next steps

• Improving statistical toolkit;

• Interaction at the national level and with international organizations;

• Coverage of household environmental protection expenditures;

• Estimation of time series before 2015;

• Preparation of EPE account measured in real terms;

• Compilation of data in breakdown by Environmental protection specific services, Connected products and Adapted goods.

Thank you!

Счет з атрат на охрану окруж ающей среды и его применение в Республике

Казахстан

Женева 2024

Накипбеков Асет Ерикович Директор Департамента национальных счетов Бюро национальной статистики Агентство по стратегическому планированию и реф ормам Республики Казахстан Тел. +7 7172 74 97 17 E-mail: [email protected]

Методологическая основа

1

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Центральная основа Системы эколого- экономического учета (ООН)

Счета затрат на охрану окружающей среды (ЕВРОСТАТ)

2

Департамент статистики произ водства и окруж ающей среды (БНС АСПР РК)

Источники данных

Отчет о затратах на охрану окружающей среды Отчет об инвестициях в основной капитал The image part with relationship ID rId3 was not found in the file.

The image part with relationship ID rId4 was not found in the file.

3

Источники данных

4-ОС Отчет о з атратах на охрану окруж ающей среды

Периодичность Годовая

Респонденты Представляют юридические лица и (или) их структурные и обособленные подразделения, индивидуальные предприниматели, использующие природные ресурсы, имеющие стационарные источники выбросов и сбросов загрязняющих веществ, отходы производства, потребления и осуществляющие природоохранную деятельность.

Срок представления до 15 апреля (включительно) после отчетного периода

Показатели  объем текущих затрат на охрану окруж ающей среды;  объем экологических платежей и платы за природные ресурсы.

4

Источники данных

1 -инвест Отчет об инвестициях в основной капитал

Периодичность годовая

Респонденты Представляют юридические лица и (или) их структурные и обособленные подразделения, осуществляющие инвестиционную деятельность, независимо от численности работающих.

Срок представления до 15 апреля (включительно) после отчетного периода

Показатели  объем инвестиций в основной капитал;  объем инвестиций в основной капитал по направлениям использования;  объем инвестиций на охрану окруж ающей среды.

5

• Общий классиф икатор видов экономической деятельности (ОКЭД)

• Классиф икатор административно территориальных объектов (КАТО)

• Справочник видов деятельности и затрат по охране окружающей среды и управления ресурсами (КДЗ ООС)

Классификаторы

6

Справочник видов деятельности и затрат по охране окружающей среды и управления ресурсами (КДЗООС)

Код позиции Наименование позиции

1 Охрана атмосферного воздуха и климата 2 Управление очисткой сточных вод 3 Управление обращением отходов

4 Защита и восстановление почвы, подземных вод и поверхностных водных источников

5 Борьба с шумом и вибрацией 6 Защита биоразнообразия и ландшафтов 7 Защита от радиационного воздействия

8 Научные исследования и разработки в области охраны окружающей среды

9 Другая деятельность по охране окружающей среды 10 Управление водными ресурсами 11 Управление лесными ресурсами 12 Управление дикой флорой и фауной

13 Управление ископаемыми энергетическими ресурсами

14 Управление минеральными ресурсами

15 Исследования и разработки в области управления природными ресурсами

16 Прочие мероприятия по управлению природными ресурсами

7

Публикация

ежегодно, согласно Плану статистических работ

8

Публикация Текущие затраты на охрану окруж ающей среды за 2022 год

тыс. тенге

9

Публикация Инвестиции на охрану окруж ающей среды за 2022 год

тыс. тенге

10

Публикация Счет затрат на охрану окруж ающей среды за 2022 год

тыс. тенге

11

Динамика

З атраты на охрану окруж ающей среды млн. тенге

З атраты на ООС в процентах от ВВП %

0,63

0,42 0,48

0,49

0,60

0,54

0,50 0,43

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Доля З ООС в ВВП, %

40 884,1 46 971,2

54 378,9 61 819,5

69 532,6 70 649,0

83 951,6

103 765,5

0,0

20 000,0

40 000,0

60 000,0

80 000,0

100 000,0

120 000,0

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

ВВП, млрд. тенге

12

Динамика

Текущие з атраты на ООС в 2022 году тыс. тенге

Инвестиции на ООС в 2022 году тыс. тенге

0,185

0,150 0,161

0,052

0,0 0,004 0,003 0,008

0,066

0,123 0,109 0,103

0,023

0,0 0,003 0,001 0,003

0,062

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

0,20

CEPA 1 CEPA 2 CEPA 3 CEPA 4 CEPA 5 CEPA 6 CEPA 7 CEPA 8 CEPA 9

Доля З ООС в ВВП по CEPA, %

2015 2022

13

Заинтересованные стороны

• Бюро национальной статистики АСПР РК;

• Министерство экологии и природных ресурсов РК: • Комитет экологического регулирования и контроля; • Комитет лесного хозяйства и животного мира;

• Министерство водных ресурсов и ирригации РК;

• Министерство сельского хозяйства: • Комитет по управлению земельными ресурсами;

• Министерство национальной экономики РК;

• Министерство ф инансов РК;

• Министерство науки и высшего образования РК;

• З еленая академия;

• Международный Финансовый Центр Астана;

• Международные Организации, научное сообщество, студенты.

14

Дальнейшие шаги

• Совершенствование статистического инструментария.

• Взаимодействие на национальном уровне и с Международными организациями.

• Охват затрат на ООС домашних хозяйств.

• Оценка динамических рядов до 2015 года.

• Подготовка версии СЗ ООС, измеряемой в реальном выражении.

• Формирование данных в разбивке по Целевым услугам по ООС, Смежным продуктам и Адаптированным товарам.

Спасибо з а внимание!

INTERGOVERNMENTAL COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE MULTI-FACETED DATA ON CHILDREN AT THE NATIONAL AND SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS

AINUR DOSSANOVA BUREAU OF NATIONAL STATISTICS ASPIR REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2

STATE OBLIGATIONS IN THE AREA OF CHILD RIGHTS PROTECTION

● UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC)

● UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES ● THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) ● SDG AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS

►Code of RoK on «MARRIAGE AND FAMILY »

►Code of RoK «THE RIGHTS OF CHILD»

►Code of RoK «ON EDUCATION»

► THE CONCEPT ON FAMILY AND GENDER POLICY IN KAZAKHSTAN UNTIL 2030 AND OTHER

INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL

FROM 1996 KAZAKHSTAN SUBMITTED 6 PERIODIC REPORTS ON CRC

3

STRENGTHINING DIALOGUE WITH CUSTODIANS AND USERS

IN CONCLUDING RECOMMENDATIONS TO 4 TH PERIODIC REPORT: «TO IMPROVE THE SYSTEM OF DATA COLLECTION AND IDENTIFY CORE INDICATORS…. STREAMLINE DATA AND INDICATORS EXCHANGE BETWEEN RELEVANT MINISTRIES

IN 2016 AN INTERGOVERNMENTAL WORKING GROUP ON SYSTEMATIZATION OF INDICATORS, CHARACTERIZING THE SITUATION ON CHILDREN WAS CREATED

1. AN ANALYSIS OF AVAILABLE DATA ON CHILD

SITUATION AND FREQUENCY OF DATA COLLECTION

AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

2. ISSUE OF FIRST STATISTICAL BOOK «CHILDREN OF

KAZAKHSTAN»

STATE BODIES

GOALS:

CSOUNICEF

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

4

PROCESS AND RESULTS OF IGWG WORK ON CHILD DATA

IGWG ON

CHILD

STATISTICS

STATISTICAL

YEARBOOK

«CHILDREN OF

KAZAKHSTAN»

WEB-PORTAL

«STATISTICS

ON CHILDREN»

ADMIN DATA

(VAC)

TRANSMONEE DATA

VALIDATION AND

EXPANSION

2016

2019

2020-21

2022-23

2017

5

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IGWG ON CHILD STATISTICS

1. INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY – CHANGE OF IGWG MEMBERS DUE TO HIGH TURNOVER IN STATE BODIES

2. DATA SOURCES– QUALITY ISSUES, METHODOLOGY AND FREQUENCY OF DATA COLLECTION

3. AFFORDABILITY OF ORGANIZATION AND FREQUENCY – MEETINGS ARE CARRIED OUT FROM 1 TO 3-4 TIMES A YEAR

4. DATA DISSEMINATION– NOT ALL DATA USERS ARE AWARE OF AVAILABILITY OF COMPREHENSIVE DATA ON CHILDREN

CHALLENGES: OPPORTUNITIES:

1. DEVELOP METHODOLOGICAL AND GUIDANCE MATERIALS TO ENABLE CONTINUITY OF GENERATED DATA

2. EXPAND DATA VARIETY ALIGNED WITH INTERNATIONAL METHODOLOGY, ENSURE QUALITY AND COMPARABILITY BETWEEN COUNTRIES

3. CONTINUE WORK AND CARRY OUT REGULAR MEETINGS OF IGWG TO IMPROVE FURTHER CHILD STATISTICS

4. ADVOCACY AROUND WEB PORTAL, STATISTICAL YEARBOOK, PUBLICATION OF BRIEFS AND SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS AND ETC. TO INFLUENCE EVIDENCE-BASED DECISION MAKING

THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION!

WEB-PORTAL: https://bala.stat.gov.kz/

STATISTICAL YEARBOOK: https://stat.gov.kz/edition/publication/collection

1

Evaluation of the Project Capacity Building for Cooperation on Dam Safety in Central Asia (July 2021)

Final Progress Report as of 31 December 2023

# Recommendation Management response Responsibility Date of implementation/comments

1 UNECE to continue supporting national and regional capacities on hydraulic and hydro- electric structures and cooperation on dam safety, in close cooperation with relevant global and regional organizations, and donors.

UNECE partially accepts the recommendation. Depending on available funding UNECE will continue to support cooperation on dam safety if a proper regional institution willing to address the dam safety challenges is allocated. However, supporting capacities on hydro-electric structures has never been the focus of UNECE initiative. UNECE will explore cooperation opportunities with the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) which is mandated to address the dam safety challenges in the region.

Project Manager Closed without implementation in June 2023 During the reporting period efforts were made to identify a regional institution mandated to address the dam safety challenges in Central Asia. On 27 July 2021, a letter was sent to the Chair of the Executive Committee of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS) with the proposal to lead and coordinate the work on dams’ challenges in the region. A reminder was sent on 3 December 2021. As of June 2023, no response has been received regarding the letter addressed to the IFAS. In addition, the project manager raised this issue during a meeting with the Executive Director of IFAS. Despite the expressed importance of this area for the region, the Executive Director did not welcome the inclusion of this matter in IFAS’ activities. .

2 UNECE Secretariat to present the findings of this review to the Committee on Environmental Policy to continue promoting dam safety awareness across all government agencies and among general public.

UNECE accepts the recommendation. The results of the evaluation and the management response will be presented at the next CEP meeting in November 2021.

Programme Manager

Implemented as of 30 June 2022 The results of the evaluation and the management response were presented at the Committee on Environmental Policy, 3-5 November 2021 https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021- 12/Item_3_presentation_Dam_Safety_project.pdf

3 During the future similar project designs UNECE should include explicit provisions to address gender equality, vulnerable people and disabled in project activities, outcomes, as well as reporting. One of the directions

UNECE partially accepts the recommendation. 1. Gender assessment is part of the standard template of the concept note and it was addressed at the design stage of the project. As to the vulnerable and disable people this aspect

Project Manager and PMU

Partially implemented as of 31 December 2023 1. The updated ECE Concept Note and Project Document template includes requests to assess stakeholders’ vulnerabilities and how the intervention attempts to bridge them. It also asks an assessment of how the project addresses gender equality, human rights,

2

# Recommendation Management response Responsibility Date of implementation/comments could be to make a study/assessment of how gender roles, as well as situation of vulnerable/disabled people could be influenced by displacement and environmental migration as a consequence of a major dam accident. National crisis management agencies should be actively integrated in these efforts

was not part of the project template and can be added subject to amendment of the concept template.

2. Follow-up projects on dam safety will assess in the inception phase the potential impact of the project on gender equality and the situation of the vulnerable groups, as reflected in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Leaving no one behind and disability inclusion. 2. As of 31 December 2023 there was no follow up project on dam safety. This recommendation is closed as not implemented.

5 In the future projects UNECE should systematically assess, monitor and document the usefulness and expected impact of the capacity development workshops by canvassing feedback from the participants through a well-tailored questionnaires, quiz approach application and internet based tools as e.g. Survey Monkey. These assessments should include a space for qualitative comments and improvement proposals by participants

UNECE accepts the recommendation. This recommendation will be brought to the attention of the Director of Environment Division and will apply in future Dam Safety projects if any.

Project Manager Implemented as of 30 June 2022 The recommendation was brought to the attention of the Director of Environment Division and will apply in future dam safety projects.

6 The purposes of sustainability in development of legal, regulatory and technical frameworks on dam safety in Central Asia, UNECE should maintain frequent engagement with Governments and other partners through, but not limited to, advisory missions

UNECE accepts the recommendation. The challenges and the need to strengthen cooperation in the area of dam safety in the region as well as the results of the UNECE initiative will be presented at the various events (SPECA Working Group on Water, Energy and Environment, relevant regional platforms; Water MoP) conducted in the region. UNECE will also provide advisory, intermediary, mediation services to other donor and development organizations (e.g. IWAC, GIZ, AFD) interested in addressing the Central Asian countries' dam safety challenges. In addition, it will be implemented through various relevant missions including conducted by the Regional Advisor on Environment.

Programme Manager and

Regional Adviser

Implemented as of 31 December 2023 The project results, lessons learnt as well as the dam safety challenges in the region are regularly presented at the regional and national events that are conducted in Central Asia. The final results of the project were presented at the SPECA Working Group on Water, Energy and Environment, 10-11 November 2021. The project manager is regularly contacted and consulted by governments and regional organizations that are engaged or plan to engage in the dam safety activities in the region. For example, inputs were provided to the work plan of the International Water Assessment Center (IWAC). UNECE has continued to raise awareness about the project results in subsequent years. A presentation was delivered at the 25th meeting of the SPECA WG on Water, Energy and Environment. UNECE staff attended

3

# Recommendation Management response Responsibility Date of implementation/comments the 2nd International Training Workshop on the Safety of Hydraulic Structures (https://iwac.kz/index.php/en/news/340-central-asian- experts-will-share-experiences-in-ensuring-the-safety-of- hydraulic-structures-at-a-workshop-in-bratislava ) organized by the International Water Assessment Center in cooperation with Government of Slovakia Cooperation on water resources and dam safety was a topic for discussion of a meeting between the UNECE ES and a staff member with the Slovak organizations dealing with these issues (23 November 2022). UNECE received a letter from the Ministry of Water Resources of Uzbekistan with a request to support addressing dam safety in the country. On 20 April 2023 the need to strengthen dam safety cooperation was discussed at the regional meeting organized by the UN Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy in Central Asia (UNRCCA). Initiating new activities on dam safety was also discussed with the OSCE Office in Dushanbe on 5 May 2023.

*Prepared by Ainur Dossanova

NOTE: The designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever

on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city

or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

United Nations Children’s Fund

Expert meeting on statistics on children

Geneva, Switzerland, 4–6 March 2024

Item 8 of the provisional agenda

Intergovernmental collaboration to improve multi-faceted data on children at the national and sub-national levels

Note by Bureau of National statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan*

Abstract

Statistical and administrative data concerning children carry even greater significance,

serving as a crucial tool to inform both central and regional government levels about

the status of children. Without this data, it becomes impossible to conduct high-quality

monitoring of the implementation of state programs and strategies designed to ensure

and protect children's rights. This deficiency hampers the ability to make effective

decisions aimed at improving the overall situation of children in Kazakhstan,

especially the most vulnerable ones.

A collaboration between UNICEF and the National Bureau of Statistics (BNS) has led

to the establishment of an Inter-Governmental Working Group. This group comprises

key line ministries such as education, healthcare, social protection, internal affairs, HR

Ombudsman, and subordinate agencies and bodies. Its purpose is to strengthen data

generation and national information systems focused on priority child rights areas.

This paper is grounded in a sustainable collaborative platform for accelerating data

improvement run by BNS. The primary focus lies on four key aspects: (1) the Annual

Statistical Yearbook "Children of Kazakhstan"; (2) TransMonEE for Kazakhstan; and

(3) tools, mechanisms and integrations to enhance data sharing and dissemination; (4)

Lessons Learned. The objective is to share experiences, results, and relevant examples

while putting forth general recommendations and thoughts about the future.

Keywords: Intergovernmental; data for children, SDGs

Working paper 23

22 February 2024

Working paper 23

2

I. Introduction

1. Ensuring the rights of the child is one of the vital demands of the modern world and in the

addressing it, the whole world community is interested. The specific role is given here to the

younger generation in guaranteeing the viability of society and ensuring its future

development. We all agree that no State in the world can claim to be a role model in

respecting rights of the child. Even the most democratic and economically developed States

are characterized by an increase in juvenile delinquency, the presence of families with a low

standard of living, increase of child mortality cases due to inadequate medical care and

strong social protection mechanisms in place. All these facts prove the impossibility of

solving the child related issues by States alone.

2. The Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted by United Nations (UN) General

Assembly Resolution 44/25 of November 20, 1989, and entered into force on September 2,

1990. Its parties are 196 states. The Republic of Kazakhstan ratified the UN Convention on

the Rights of the Child in 1994 and February 16 of this year just celebrated 30 years since

the signing of this document.

3. The implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child is monitored by the UN

Committee on the Rights of the Child.

4. All States parties are obliged to submit regular reports to the Committee on the

implementation of the relevant rights. States are required to submit an initial report two

years after accession to the Convention, and periodic reports every five years thereafter. The

Committee examines each report and provides the State party with its views and

recommendations in the form of "concluding observations".

5. Kazakhstan has submitted six periodic reports on the implementation by Kazakhstan of the

Convention on the Rights of the Child1 , the most recent of which mentioned the

implementation of the recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child on

data collection (paragraphs 14, 15 of the concluding observations) with regard to children:

"Kazakhstan has undertaken measures to enhance the system of

monitoring and collection of various data on the situation of children.

In 2017, a statistical yearbook "Children of Kazakhstan" was developed.

The structure and content of the yearbook were developed with the

participation of representatives of interested government agencies, non-

governmental organizations (hereinafter - NGOs) and the UNICEF office

in Kazakhstan. The objectives of this yearbook are: systematization of

indicators, public awareness, monitoring of the situation of children, as

well as data exchange/interoperability between the relevant ministries,

subordinate bodies and etc.

The data in the compilation are collected from various official sources and

categorized into the following sections: demographics, health and healthy

1 More information on periodic reports and their recommendations can be found at

https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/TreatyBodyExternal/countries.aspx?CountryCode=KAZ&Lang=RU

Working paper 23

3

lifestyle, education, leisure, social protection, children in contact with the

law, welfare and social cohesion, NEET, adolescents and comparison with

international data, in particular with the Sustainable Development Goals

(hereinafter - SDGs), etc."2 .

II. Intergovernmental collaboration to improve data on children

6. As of today, all institutional mechanisms have been established in the Republic of

Kazakhstan for the collection and dissemination of data on the realization of children's rights

and human rights in general. As mentioned above, Kazakhstan provides international

reporting (Report) on the fulfillment of obligations under the UN Convention on the Rights

of the Child, the Committee for the Protection of Children's Rights of the Ministry of

Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan annually prepares and sends for consideration by

the President of the country - national Reports on the situation of children in the Republic of

Kazakhstan, based on statistical and administrative data.

7. From the side of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and

Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (BNS) - statistical data is provided starting from

2000 to fill the UNICEF regional database "TransMonEE", from 2017 onwards BNS

annually issues the statistical yearbook "Children of Kazakhstan", since 2019 publishes

information on the situation of children in a special section (web portal) "Statistics on

Children" on the official website of BNS - bala.stat.gov.kz.

8. All information published on the website and provided by the BNS to international

organizations is collected from various sources, both statistical surveys and reports and

administrative data from other ministries and agencies. In order to generate official statistics,

the BNS has legislative authority to obtain data from various sources, including

administrative records.

9. It should be noted that the availability of systematized and regularly published data on the

situation of children in Kazakhstan has become available relatively recently, after receiving

the Concluding Observations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child to the Fourth

Periodic Report on the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

(October 30, 2015):

"Data Collection.

(14) While noting the extensive data provided by the State party both in its

report and in its written replies, the Committee is concerned that the data

provided are not specific enough to effectively assess the overall situation of

children in the country.

15. In light of its general comment No. 5 (2003) on general measures of

implementation, the Committee urges the State party to promptly improve its data

collection system and identify specific indicators. Furthermore, the Committee

2 https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000942

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4

recommends that data and indicators be shared and utilized among relevant

ministries for the development, monitoring and evaluation of policies,

programmes and projects for the effective implementation of the Convention. In

this regard, the Committee also recommends that the State party strengthen its

technical cooperation, in particular with the United Nations Children's Fund

(UNICEF) and regional mechanisms"3 .

10. In order to implement the recommendations received from the UN Committee on the Rights

of the Child, as well as to improve the collection, analysis and use of data on children, with

UNICEF’s support BNS established in 2016 an Interagency Working Group on

Systematization of Child Indicators (IGWG), comprising representatives of various

government bodies, non-governmental, academic and international organizations.

11. In the initial phase, the following were identified as the main objectives of the IGWG:

a) Analyze existing data on the situation of children and the regularity of their

collection at the national level.

b) Release of the first statistical yearbook "Children of Kazakhstan", which will

include key indicators for monitoring national strategic documents and

international commitments.

12. Thus, the members of the IGWG together with international experts from DevStat, engaged

with the support of UNICEF, worked actively during 2016-2017, eventually collected the

first set of data (both statistical and administrative) on the situation of children and presented

the statistical yearbook "Children of Kazakhstan" at the national and regional levels to a

wide range of public.

13. The success of this work and the demand for children's data among decision makers has

inspired the IGWG members to continue working together to systematize indicators on the

situation of children.

14. Taking into account that the age of information technology requires more and more

information available in electronic format, the IGWG continued its work in developing a

separate section on the BNS website - the web portal "Statistics on Children", where, in

addition to data from the statistical yearbook "Children of Kazakhstan", the sections "Rights

of the Child", "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)", "TransMonEE" and "Sustainable

Development Goals and Children" were also included. Additionally, the following essential

information have also been included:

a) BNS publications which includes data on children.

b) Institutions related to children's rights protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

c) international databases where data on children are published.

15. Thus, as a result of the efforts of the IGWG members, the Child Statistics web portal was

officially published in 3 languages in 2019 and has been regularly updated since then.

16. Throughout the existence of this IGWG, regular activities are also carried out to populate

and expand the data sources for TransMonEE database, involving many of the IGWG's

member state agencies.

3 https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/O1500000003

Working paper 23

5

17. Despite the positive developments in providing monitoring of the situation of children with

systematized and regular data, it is worth noting the significant challenges that emerged

during the period associated with restrictive measures due to COVID-19, when the IGWG

meetings were held in online format and the productivity of its work was significantly

reduced.

18. After the removal of restrictive measures, the work of the IGWG gradually returned to the

former format of offline meetings, but the impact of the downtime period and the

replacement of some key members is still being felt.

19. In general, the membership of the IMWG is periodically updated and expanded to include

new areas of work related to the activities and sectoral plans of other governmental bodies.

Collaborative efforts, close interaction and thematic and cross cutting expertise contribute to

the sustainability of this platform and continue strengthening the data on children serve to

the purpose of policy making and efficient.

III. Conclusion

20. In conclusion, it is not possible to make good management decisions today without a solid

and reliable evidence and the availability of good quality data on the situation of children

becomes even more important.

21. The establishment and coordination by National Statistical Offices helps to work

systematically at the national level to ensure that the current situation is monitored at the

regional levels and the right decisions are made for improvement of wellbeing of children.

22. It is important to maintain regular interagency collaboration and institutional frameworks in

order to further develop statistics on children.

POLICY BRIEF DECARBONISING

KAZAKHSTAN: WHAT FUTURE AWAIT MINING REGIONS AND

TOWNS?

Madina Junussova, University of Central Asia

Zarina Adambussinova, American University of Central Asia

Alexander Diener, University of Kansas

WOODGROVE BANK

STATE STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY IN

THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN UNTIL 2060 (ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 2, 2023)

2

381.7

351.2

324.4

209.9

95.4

0

1990 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

STATED GOALS: National net GHG emissions, million tons of CO2-eq.

WOODGROVE BANK

STATE STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY IN

THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN UNTIL 2060 (ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 2, 2023)

3

CURRENT REALITY: Gross Consumption and Production of Fuel and Energy Resources, %.

44,3

87,3

26,2

32,6

17,1

20,1

Уголь

Нефть сырая

Газ природный

Потребление Производство

Natural gas

Raw oil

Coal

Consumption Production

50

18

31

1

уголь нефть газ природный

гидро

Structure of Gross Consumption of

Fuel and Energy Resources in

2020, %

Coal Oil

Natural gas

Hydro

WOODGROVE BANK

IMPACT

Ekibastuz Janaozen

4

To achieve carbon neutrality, the decarbonisation strategy proposes switching from use of coal to gas in the power sector.

TWO CASE STUDIES:

Ekibastuz is the centre for coal

extraction, providing thermal and energy

supply to the country with outdated and

ineffective coal-based heating

infrastructure. The public became angry

after the cut-off of the heating due to the

power plant failure in December 2022.

Janaozen, an oil and gas extraction site

and a critical node in the country's

gasification efforts. In 2011 and 2022,

there were violent social protests due to

wage inequality and increased gas prices.

Kazakhstan’s decarbonisation strategy pursues the reduction of carbon resource

extraction while ensuring social equity. HOWEVER, the document lacks an analysis and

assessment of the potential consequences of reducing extraction volumes on the mining

regions and towns.

WOODGROVE BANK

STATE STRATEGY FOR ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY IN

THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN UNTIL 2060 (ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 2, 2023)

5

In the absence of a viable regional policy and adequate

preparation for transitioning mining regions and towns to a decarbonised

country, achieving carbon neutrality will significantly impact the economic

and social situation in Kazakhstan.

There is no clear vision on how to implement the strategy and

ensure sustainable development of the mining regions and towns in

Kazakhstan.

Immediate research and systematic exploration of alternative

futures and ways to create them is needed for the mining regions and

towns of Kazakhstan.

REGIONAL POLICY

WOODGROVE BANK

METHODOLOGY

6

List of Interviewed Experts

№ Expert and Area of

Interests Organization Gender Interview Date City and Country of

Residence

1 Decarbonization Strategy

Analyst and Developer

Ministry of National

Economy

Male March 2023

(Zoom)

Astana, Kazakhstan

2 Urban Development

Researcher

Ministry of Science

and Education

Female March 2023

(Zoom)

Almaty, Kazakhstan

3 Regional Policy Analyst and

Developer

Ministry of National

Economy

Male April 2023

(Zoom)

Astana, Kazakhstan

4 Regional Development

Analyst and Researcher

Ministry of National

Economy

Male April 2023

(Zoom)

Astana, Kazakhstan

5 Urban and Regional

Development Analyst

Non-governmental

organization

Male April 2023

(Zoom)

Astana, Kazakhstan

6 Energy Modelling Analyst International

consulting agency

specializing in...

Female May 2023

(Zoom)

Montreal, Canada

Policy Review & Expert Interviews

WOODGROVE BANK

POLICY OPTIONS: THREE SCENARIOS

7

Expert interviews revealed that decision-makers at the national and local levels of government in Kazakhstan lack a

clear and unified understanding of the necessity of decarbonisation in the country. Moreover, there is significant

scepticism about the feasibility of implementing the decarbonisation strategy.

Zero Scenario: Decarbonisation strategy is not implemented

The second scenario involves the active implementation of the decarbonisation strategy as planned "from the top-

down," but without supporting reforms in the country's regional policy. In its decarbonisation strategy, the national

company "Samruk Kazyna" assesses several development scenarios and proposes to focus on extreme decarbonisation

scenario.

Rapid Transition Scenario: Active top-down implementation of decarbonisation without regional policy adaptation.

The third scenario involves the implementation of the decarbonisation strategy through strengthening regional policy

and directing it towards resource decentralisation, increasing the role of local governance to engage the local

population and businesses in the process of economic diversification and improving the quality of life in mining (and

other) regions and towns of the country.

Slow Transition Scenario: Decarbonisation strategy is incrementally implemented

through strengthened regional policy with attention to social justice.

WOODGROVE BANK

COMPARISON OF POLICY OPTIONS: ECONOMIC IMPACT

8

Zero Scenario Rapid Transition Scenario Slow Transition Scenario

• Economic growth rates in

mining regions are maintained.

Development remains

concentrated in narrow

industries with a dependency

on extractive enterprises.

• Regional inequality continues

to grow.

• The informal sector in the

economy continues to expand.

• Private business experiences

limited growth.

• Economic diversification

remains at a low level.

• Economic crisis in mining

cities and regions due to

bankruptcy and closure of

enterprises.

• Sharp increase in

development disparities

between regions of the

country.

• Preservation of natural

resource reserves for future

generations.

• Transitioning mining

enterprises into the green

economy sector.

• Diversification of the economy

by stimulating the

development of knowledge-

intensive and innovative

projects.

• Improving the business

climate and providing financial

support to local businesses

and startups.

• Preserving natural resource

reserves for future

generations.

• Gradual alignment of regional

development.

WOODGROVE BANK

COMPARISON OF POLICY OPTIONS: SOCIAL IMPACT

9

Zero Scenario Rapid Transition Scenario Slow Transition Scenario

• There is a slight reduction

in employment in the

mining industry due to

optimization and

digitalization.

• Poverty continues to rise

in both mining and small

towns.

• Rapid deterioration of

communal and housing

infrastructure with the

potential for recurring

technological accidents

and disasters.

• Population outflow from

small towns.

• Sharp increase in

unemployment and

poverty.

• Active migration from

former mining regions to

major cities.

• Energy poverty due to

financial inability to

access gas.

• Extreme growth in social

tension, protests by the

population.

• Enhancing the

qualifications of the

population to increase

earning levels or foster

entrepreneurship.

• Improving the well-being

of the population and

reducing poverty.

• Reducing youth

outmigration.

• Alleviating social tension

through dialogue and

engaging the population in

development planning.

WOODGROVE BANK

COMPARISON OF POLICY OPTIONS: ECOLOGICAL IMPACT

10

Zero Scenario Rapid Transition Scenario Slow Transition Scenario

• Deterioration of the

environment in mining

regions and towns.

• Depletion of mineral

resources and irreversible

geological processes.

• Worsening of public

health.

• Increased negative impact

from climate change,

water scarcity, prolonged

droughts, dust storms,

and soil salinization.

• Partial improvement in the

environment due to

reduced mining and

emissions.

• Slow but gradual

restoration of the natural

environment.

• Partial mitigation of the

negative impact of climate

change.

• Significantly improving the

environment.

• Enhancing public health.

• Mitigating the negative

impact of climate change

through the application of

an ecosystem approach,

reclamation, agrarian

purification, and greening

of areas affected by

extractive industries.

WOODGROVE BANK

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

11

If the national government wants to secure the support of society in achieving carbon neutrality, it is

necessary to conduct a nationwide informational campaign to improve awareness and engage the

authorities, businesses, and population in cross-sectoral and inter-level dialogues for developing regional

policies aimed at socially just strategy implementation.

CONDITION

Step 1: Initiate awareness raising and capacity building

Step 2: Establish dialogue with key stakeholders

Step 3: Engage education and research institutions

WOODGROVE BANK

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

12

If the state wants to develop strong regions and cities, a well-designed strategy for administrative, fiscal, and

political decentralisation is needed. This process involves both strengthening the role of local authorities and

their direct accountability to their populations, as well as improving legislation to address conflicts and

inefficiencies that hinder effective interactions between national, regional, and local levels of governance.

CONDITION

Step 4: Empower local governments

Step 5: Engage local stakeholder in strategic joint actions

Step 6: Improve rules and efficiency of public investment

WOODGROVE BANK

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

13

If the state aims to improve the well-being of the population and reduce social tension, achieving

"social justice" and "community involvement" should be the key criteria for transitioning to low-

carbon development

CONDITION

Step 7: Improve financial self-sufficiency of towns

Step 8: Promote learning and participatory planning

Step 9: Create local community spaces and infrastructure

THANK YOU