Attempts to describe briefly the most common and most severe challenges that landlocked countries face. It examines the transit issues and the legal and institutional framework and outlines the role of government. It also gives examples and illustrates by case studies how certain countries or organizations have managed to overcome certain constraint.
This overview paper (TRADE/2002/23) will attempt to describe briefly the most common and most severe challenges that landlocked countries face. In the initial chapters it will examine the transit issues and the legal and institutional framework and outline the role of government. It will also give examples and illustrate by case studies how certain countries or organizations have managed to overcome certain constraints. Special attention has been given to eastern and central Europe and more particularly to Hungary, to the central Asian transition economies and to the most successful landlocked country, Switzerland. The paper, it is hoped, will go beyond being purely descriptive and provide a background for discussion. For this purpose, a number of recommendations are set out in the concluding chapter.
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