At advanced stages of transition to a market economy, entrepreneurship and enterprise development come to the forefront of the development agenda. However, in countries with economies in transition (or “emerging market economies”), both new and operational companies often face formidable administrative and regulatory barriers to enterprise registration and operation. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe identifies and examines good practices in reducing or eliminating such barriers and provides a platform for sharing the accumulated country experience. The current publication takes stock of obstacles to enterprise development and highlights the regulatory changes aimed at their removal in countries with economies in transition. It also assesses government policy in this area and summarizes the relevant recommendations to Governments generated by UNECE so far.